For most healers, you’re going to want to start with +Spirit or +Intellect for most of your consumable needs.  While this does not hold true for every situation, I will assume* that if you are min/maxing enough to use more than that, you likely already know what you want and need.  I also assume* that if you have a profession that provides profession specific bonuses (such as sockets for Blacksmiths and fur linings for Leatherworkers) that you are taking advantage of those over what is listed in the comparable spot.  Feel free to comment with any questions, suggestions, or recommendations!

Gems:

Meta Gems
Revitalizing Primal Diamond - 4321 Spirit and 3% Increased Critical Effect (Great for stacking mana regen)
Ember Primal Diamond - 2161 Intellect and 2% Maximum Mana (this is not an optimal gem, use the Revitalizing if at all possible)
Burning Primal Diamond - 2161 Intellect and 2% Increased Critical Effect(Great for throughput)
Gems
Brilliant Primordial Ruby - +1601 Intellect
Sparkling River’s Heart - +3201 Spirit (I would start with these, then move to purple gems as you get comfortable with your level of regen)
Purified Imperial Amethyst - 801 Int and 1602 Spirit
Reckless Vermilion Onyx - 801 Int and 1602 Haste (Use as needed to meet haste breakpoints, this number will vary based on gear, raid makeup and even class, click here for a handy link to the breakpoints for your class)
Artful Vermilion Onyx - 801 Int 1602 Mastery

Flasks-Elixirs-Potions:

Flasks:  
Flask of the Warm Sun for 1000 Intellect (Crystal Vial, Silkweed (4), Golden Lotus)
Flask of Falling Leaves for 1000 Spirit (Crystal Vial, Green Tea Leaf (4), Golden Lotus)
Elixirs:  
Elixir of Peace (Crystal Vial,  Rain Poppy, Fool’s Cap): Increases Spirit by 750 for 1 hour. Battle Elixir.
Elixir of the Rapids (Crystal Vial,  Rain Poppy,  Snow Lily): Increases haste by 750 for 1 hour. Battle Elixir.
Monk’s Elixir (Crystal Vial,  Rain Poppy,  Silkweed): Increases your mastery by 750 for 1 hour. Battle Elixir.

At the time of publication, I cannot find a Guardian Elixir that does any benefit to healers besides added Stamina.  I highly recommend using a flask.

Potions: 
Master Mana Potion (575:  Crystal Vial (2), Snow Lily, Green Tea Leaf, Fool’s Cap): Use: Restores 28501 to 31500 mana. (1 Min Cooldown)
Potion of the Jade Serpent (Crystal Vial,  Green Tea Leaf,  Silkweed): Increases Intellect by 4000 for 25 sec. (1 Min Cooldown)
Potion of Focus (Crystal Vial, Snow Lily (2)): Use: Puts the imbiber in an elevated state of focus where they can restore up to (4500 * 10) mana over 10 sec, but they are defenseless until their focus is broken. (1 Min Cooldown)

Enchants: (excluding profession bonuses)

Head - Helm Enchants were removed with MoP.
Shoulders - Greater Crane Wing Inscription
Back - Enchant Cloak – Superior Intellect
Chest - Enchant Chest – Glorious Stats or Enchant Chest – Superior Mighty Spirit
Wrists - Enchant Bracer – Super Intellect
Gloves - Enchant Gloves – Greater Haste or Enchant Gloves – Superior Mastery
Legs - Greater Pearlescent Spellthread
Boots - Pandaren’s Step or Greater Haste
Weapon - Jade Spirit
Offhand - Major Intellect

Food Buff:

Again, +Int or +Spirit is up to you, depending on your needs.  I will likely carry a stack of each so I can adjust on the fly if needed, but not everyone is like me!

Intellect:  Mogu Fish Stew will provide 300 Intellect (Way of the Pot Specialization)
Spirit:  Steamed Crab Surprise will provide 300 Spirit (Way of the Steamer Specialization)

You can check out my post (from early beta) here about cooking, if you’d like to know more about where that came from.

 *yes, I know, I know….

Most of my information is provided by this post by Beruthiel from Elitist Jerks.